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Is Climate Change Making a White Christmas Less Likely?

Snowstorm
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Snowfall in Quebec, 2022. Climate scientists say that White Christmases are decreasing, except in already-cold areas.

Snowfall will be few and far between for mild climates. In colder climates, it's projected to increase.

With global temperatures increasing, many in the United States and around the world have wondered what that means for so-called White Christmases, the folksy phenomenon where areas see snowfall for the holiday. While some areas report no snow at all during the season, others have documented record-breaking winter storms.

Evidence proves global warming's impact on hurricanes and heat waves, but the link between human emissions and heavy snow is not yet definite. Though data shows that winters are unquestionably getting warmer, as a recent report by Climate Central shows that since 1970, winter temperatures have increased by 3.3°F across 238 U.S. locations.

This has led to snowfall decreasing in areas with mild climates, making lighter storms and small flurries a thing of the past. As for colder climates, snowfall is likely to increase in the coming years, exacerbating winter storms and precipitation.

Kevin Trenberth of the National Center for Atmospheric Research told Salon that while people may think increasing temperatures would lead to less snowfall, they can actually cause heavier winter storms.

"Winter storms develop in a climate change environment: it is warmer and moister," he said. "But it is plenty cold in winter over the continent. It means snow amounts can be much greater: e.g. see Buffalo recently. They may be more intense: not guaranteed, but more developments ensue. Watch for a bad nor-easter."

Trenberth explained that the same conditions that can exacerbate storms in New York can also lead to devastating winters in places like Oklahoma or Texas, which last year experienced blackouts for weeks as their power grids were not built to handle ice and low temperatures.

Trenberth added: "[People need] education that winter warming may mean more snow, not less."

Since the start of the industrial revolution, global temperatures have risen by 1.1 degrees Celsius. As the UK Met Office told euronews, "White Christmases were more frequent in the 18th and 19th centuries."

“Climate change has brought higher average temperatures over land and sea and this generally reduces the chances of a white Christmas," they added.

Unless countries drastically decrease emissions, the world is likely to see a 3 degree Celsius increase by 2030. The Paris Climate Agreement previously set a goal for countries to not go beyond a 1.5 degree Celsius threshold, which the world is almost unanimously failing to meet.

Alexandra Contosta, a research assistant professor at the University of New Hampshire, told The Providence Journal that curtailing global emissions is key to preserving snow in areas seeing less of it, and preventing it in the areas that see too much.

"The future winter will probably be warmer and we will likely have less snow than we do now," she said. "If we reduce our emissions, we can protect some of our winter and maintain those cold temperatures and snow cover."

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Ryan Adamczeski

Digital Director

Ryan is the Digital Director of The Advocate Channel, and a graduate of New York University Tisch's Department of Dramatic Writing, with a focus in television writing and comedy. She is also a member of GALECA, the LGBTQ+ society of entertainment critics.

Ryan is the Digital Director of The Advocate Channel, and a graduate of New York University Tisch's Department of Dramatic Writing, with a focus in television writing and comedy. She is also a member of GALECA, the LGBTQ+ society of entertainment critics.