(CNN) — A grand jury indicted two men -- one of whom is Jewish and a descendant of a Holocaust survivor — in connection with an online threat last month to attack a synagogue in New York City.

Christopher Brown and Matthew Mahrer were both indicted on charges of conspiracy and weapons possession. Brown also was charged with a felony count of making terroristic threats as a hate crime, and possession of a weapon as a crime of terrorism, among other charges.

Mahrer, who previously made bail, appeared on Wednesday in Supreme Court in New York, with family members present. He is Jewish and his grandfather is a Holocaust survivor, defense attorney Brandon Freycinet said in court, adding that his client would not want to harm his own people.

Both defendants pleaded not guilty to the charges on Wednesday. Brown faces up to 25 years in prison and Mahrer faces up to 15 years in prison if convicted of the most serious charge.

The two were arrested by Metropolitan Transportation Authority officers as they were entering Penn Station in Manhattan on November 19, according to NYPD Commissioner Keechant Sewell.

The suspects allegedly possessed a firearm, high-capacity magazine, a military-style hunting knife, a Nazi swastika arm patch, a ski mask, and a bulletproof vest, officials said.

"A potential tragedy was averted when they were intercepted by police officers at Penn Station, given that online postings indicated an intent to use these weapons at a Manhattan synagogue," Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg said last month in a statement.

New York state leads the nation in anti-Semitic incidents, with at least 416 reported in 2021, including at least 51 assaults -- the highest number ever recorded by the Anti-Defamation League in New York. There were 12 assaults reported in 2020, the ADL said in an audit last week.

A total of 2,717 anti-Semitic incidents were reported last year across the nation — a 34 percent increase compared to 2,026 in 2020, according to the ADL. The ADL has been tracking such incidents since 1979 — and its previous reports have found antisemitism in America has been on the rise for years.

The indictment comes the same day that Doug Emhoff, the husband of Vice President Kamala Harris, held a roundtable on antisemitism at the White House during which he warned of an "epidemic of hate facing our country."

Men traveled to Pennsylvania for weapon, documents say

A statement of facts from the prosecution and the criminal indictment offer a timeline of the men's actions and allege that they drove from New York to Pennsylvania to get a firearm.

The documents state Brown sent out a series of disturbing tweets from November 12 to November 17, including one saying, "Gonna ask a Priest if I should become a husband or shoot up a synagogue and die."

Call records show Brown and Mahrer communicated with each other on the phone, and on November 18 they went to St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York, the documents state. Surveillance footage showed that Brown was wearing a backpack that police later found contained a knife, a Swastika armband and a ski mask, the documents state.

The two men then met with a third person and, in a recorded phone call with a prison inmate, said they were driving to Pennsylvania to get a firearm, the indictment states. Brown sent Mahrer $650 and Mahrer then sent $700 to this third person, the documents say.

Later that night, surveillance footage shows Brown and Mahrer walking into the Upper West Side building where Mahrer lives, the documents say. Mahrer is seen on video wearing a camouflage backpack that police later recovered; the backpack contained a firearm, a large-capacity ammo feeding device and 19 rounds of ammunition, according to the documents.

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